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Sultanate of Zanzibar : ウィキペディア英語版 | Sultanate of Zanzibar
The Sultanate of Zanzibar ((アラビア語:سلطنة زنجبار)), also known as the Zanzibar Sultanate, refers to the territories over which the Sultan of Zanzibar was the sovereign. Those territories varied over time. At one point they included all of what is now Kenya as well as the Zanzibar Archipelago of the Swahili Coast. Later they included only a ten mile wide coastal strip of Kenya and Zanzibar. Under an agreement concluded on 8 October 1963 the Sultan relinquished sovereignty over his remaining territory in Kenya. On 12 January 1964 Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah was deposed and lost sovereignty over the last of his domininons, Zanzibar. == History ==
In 1698, Zanzibar became part of the overseas holdings of Oman after Saif bin Sultan, the Imam of Oman, defeated the Portuguese in Mombasa, in what is now Kenya. In 1832, or 1840 (the date varies among sources), Omani ruler Said bin Sultan moved his court from Muscat to Stone Town on the island of Unguja. He established a ruling Arab elite and encouraged the development of clove plantations, using the island's slave labour. Zanzibar's commerce fell increasingly into the hands of traders from the Indian subcontinent, whom Said encouraged to settle on the island. After his death in 1856, two of his sons, Majid bin Said and Thuwaini bin Said, struggled over the succession, so Zanzibar and Oman were divided into two separate realms. Thuwaini became the Sultan of Muscat and Oman while Majid became the first Sultan of Zanzibar, but obliged to pay an annual tribute to the Omani court in Muscat.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Background Note: Oman )〕 During his 14-year reign as Sultan, Majid consolidated his power around the local slave trade. His successor, Barghash bin Said, helped abolish the slave trade in Zanzibar and largely developed the country's infrastructure. The third Sultan, Khalifa bin Said, also furthered the country's progress toward abolishing slavery.
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